DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, ELECTRIC POWER AND HEAT FROM LIQUIDS

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Utility model is related to devices for production of hydrogen, oxygen, electric power and heat from liquids, for example, from water.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed utility model is device for production of hydrogen by electrolysis, - electrolyzer composed of a tank with fluid, two electrodes submerged into this fluid and source of direct curremt connected to these electrodes (prototype – electrolyzer is well known).

The purpose of the invention is lowering of energy consumption for production of hydrogen, oxygen, electric energy and heat.

Though prototype (electrolyzer) has many advantages, but it should be pointed out that for production of hydrogen in existing prototype it is necessary to let through electrolyte big electric currents, i.e. the prototype consumes much energy and has low coefficient of efficiency. Besides the known device – electrolyzer – doesn’t allow to produce hydrogen from low-conductive and dielectric fluids.

Technical result of this utility model consists in perfection of the known device which results in economy of electric energy and raising of its efficiency thanks to utilization of Coulomb forces of electric field, capillary effect, electroosmosis, effects of emulsification, cavitation and various activization of any kind of liquids and, for example, of emulsions of liquids containing much hydrogen.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device which contains a tank with liquid, two electrodes (which are partially or fully submerged into liquid), source of direct current which is connected to two electrodes. It should be noted that only first electrode is submerged into liquid. This electrode is electrically connected, for example, via high-voltage converter of voltage, for example to its negative output electric potential. The second electrode is taken out of the liquid for a distance which makes it possible not to allow voltage failure of the source of voltage onto the liquid. It is connected to the opposite electric potential of this high-voltage converter of voltage. At that high-voltage converter of voltage can be made as a low-power converter of direct, impulse or alternative voltage, which is electrically connected on the low-voltage side to the source of low voltage, for example, 220 volts, and on the high-voltage side it is connected to the above mentioned electrodes.

Converter of voltage can be done, for example, as a generator of high-voltage impulses, for example, with regulated frequency and off-duty ratio, for example, as an inductive- transistor blocking generator or as a high-voltage resonance transformer Tesla, and (or) of reversible type with the cycle of reverse depending upon the efficiency of produced hydrogen, and the range of amplitude change, off-duty ratio and frequency of these impulses are chosen taking into account providing maximum efficiency of hydrogen.

The device is made as controlled electroosmotic pump, for example, containing capillary material (which is fully or partially submerged into liquid), electrodes (of which at least one is submerged into liquid) and high-voltage converter of voltage (which is connected to these electrodes). Capillary element is made of, for example, synthetic porous material, for example, of bundle of glass fiber with micron diameter of capillaries. Capillary element is located in such a way that capillary fibers are perpendicular to the surface of the liquid. One electro conductive electrode is located, for example, as a plane under the lower cut of capillary element and is submerged into the liquid . Second electrode is located above the level of the end of capillaries so that not to allow voltage failure of the high-voltage source of voltage through these electrodes. It should be noted that capillary element may be compound, for example, may contain the first capillary element fully submerged into liquid and the second capillary element with different diameter which touches with the first capillary element, for example, with equal diameter of capillaries and the same orientation of capillary fibers but with different thickness of the bundle of capillaries, with diameter of the bundle of the second capillary element equal, for example, to the diameter of the tank, and with locating of the second capillary element, for example, on the surface of the liquid.

The first electrode is made as an electroconductive (for example, metal) rod, plane and (or) system of rods, planes, located horizontally and (or) vertically in the tank with the fluid, for example, with touching by this electrode of the inner surface of electroconductive tank; the second electrode is in movable position above the tank. Electrode can be equipped with sharp projections on their surfaces, for example in form of pointed studs, needles, for example, oriented in direction of vector of electric field between them. It (they) is (are) inserted into porous electroconductive capillary material, for example, carbon-fiber carbonized activated material which is fully or partially located in fluid. The first electrode can be also made as a three-dimensional element, for example, by way of binding with each other thin electroconductive threads of metal wire, for example, of stainless steel, for example, with touching by electrode of the inner surface of the tank. It can be with platinum, silver or golden coating. On the outer and (or) inner part pf electrode, submerged into liquid, there can be located porous capillary element occupying the whole or partial volume of the liquid in the tank or it can made as a vessel-adsorbent or simply as a vessel connected to the accumulator of hydrogen and through reverse valve to the accumulator of oxygen. Electrodes are movable in relation to each other in such a way that it were possible to change by moving the value of intensity of electric field under condition of principally perpendicular character of force electric lines (vector) of electric field between them in relation to the surface of liquid.

Any water solution can be used as liquid, for example water, electroconductive fluid, for example seawater, dielectric fluid, for example water solution of hydrocarbons, alcohols, water fuel emulsions, organic waste. Device is equipped with an unit for creation of two-phase medium fluid, for example with a vacuum pump, additional device for heating fluid, for example in the form of heat exchanger, which utilizes sun energy and (or) any waste heat, for example, from heat exchanger located on output tracts of thermal energy units, output collectors of heat engines.

Device is equipped with an additional unit of activation of liquid. This unit can be located, for example, in the tank with liquid or outside it. Activator is made as a low-power, small-sized source of radioactive radiation with adjusted intensity, for example, with use of radioactive waste, for example placed in the form of thin layer on a special quickly removable coating on the inner side of the tank and (or) immediately above the level of the liquid, for example, in its two-phase medium. Activator of liquid is made in the form of electrochemical activator and separator of liquid into acidic and alkaline components and it contains an additional source of voltage, for example, of impulse type, semi-permeable diaphragm (membrane) located vertically in the tank with liquid. This membrane divides the tank into two parts and 2 electrodes which are located correspondingly in the first and second part of the tank are electrically connected to the outputs of additional source of voltage, for example with regulated amplitude and frequency of impulses of voltage.

The device is equipped with an unit of dissociation of the liquid which is evaporated by action of electric field.

The device is additionally equipped with generators of sound fluctuations and their emitters, for example, low-frequency and high-frequency generators of sound fluctuations. Low-frequency generator emitters are located in the liquid or outside it. Electrodes themselves can be used as emitters. Generator of low-frequency range is adjusted for the range of frequencies of excitation of the whole volume of liquid, generator of high-frequency range is adjusted for the range of frequencies of excitation of molecules of the liquid and emitters of high-frequency generator in ultra sound range of frequencies are located immediately in the tank with liquid or in the zone of evaporated two-phase medium, for example, above its surface and generators of sound oscillation are equipped with a unit of oscillation frequency control.

Device is equipped with an unit of impulse electric charge in liquid and (or) in two-phase medium, for example, above the surface of the liquid.

Device is equipped with accumulators of produced hydrogen and oxygen which are connected with generators and receivers of these gases, for example with electrodes and (or) one or all of these electrodes can be made as gas adsorbents, for example, in the form of porous metal dielectric accumulator of hydrogen.

Fig.1	Fig.2

On fig. 1. there is shown the simplest electrohydrogen generator, which contains: tank 1 with liquid 2, two electrodes 3, 4, one of which – cathode 3 is submerged into liquid 2, second electrode 4 is taken beyond liquid 2, at this both electrodes 3, 4 are connected to opposite electric outputs 5, which is connected to the primary source of electric energy (It is not shown on Fig 1). Device 6 for control of voltage and frequency is connected to the converter of voltage 5, at this converter 5 is reverse with purpose of cyclic change of voltage on cathode 3 with the aim of alternate extraction from liquid of hydrogen or of oxygen.

On Fig. 1 there is also converter of high-voltage in the form of, for example, high-voltage transformer 7, connected if necessary via switch 8 to the cathode 3, at this those converters of voltage 5 and 7 can be used separately and (or) together and (or) consecutively. On Fig. 1 there is also gas receiver 9 and accumulator of hydrogen 10, vacuum pump 11, device for heating up of liquid in the form of heat exchanger 12, which receives heat from heat generator 13, emulsifier of liquid 14. On Fig. 2 there is electroosmotic pump containing capillary element in the form of composite capillary bundle having two capillary elements submerged in liquid 11 and 12, at this capillary element 11 with electrode (s) 3 is fully submerged in liquid 2, and capillary element 12 with electrode (s) 4 is located on the surface of the liquid 2. On Fig. 3 there is variant of capillary element 11 with electrode 3, made in the form of a vessel 13, which is connected to the accumulator of hydrogen 10 and via reverse valve 14 to the accumulator of oxygen 15. On Fig. 4 there is shown a device for mixing dielectric liquids. Device consists of electrostatic motor

Fig.3	Fig.4

Drawings of pilot plant and explanations are know-how of the author and are presented after request on commercial basis.